What is a group of test activities aimed at testing a component or system for a specific objective?

The term that best describes a group of test activities aimed at testing a component or system for a specific objective is the concept of a "test type." Test types categorize testing based on the specific goals and focuses of the tests. For instance, common test types include functional testing, performance testing, security testing, and usability testing, each designed to target different aspects of software quality and performance.

By classifying the activities under a specific test type, teams can tailor their approach to meet particular objectives, such as validating requirements, measuring performance under load, or ensuring compliance with security standards. This structured categorization helps teams to design and execute tests more effectively, ensuring that the intended aspects of the system are addressed during the testing process.