Which framework describes the software development lifecycle activities, integrating testing activities into each phase?

The V-model is a software development lifecycle framework that is particularly focused on the integration of testing activities at every stage of development. It illustrates a clear relationship between development stages and corresponding testing activities. In the V-model, for each phase of development—such as requirements analysis, system design, and detailed design—the corresponding testing phase is closely aligned. For example, acceptance testing corresponds with requirements, system testing corresponds with system design, and unit testing aligns with the detailed design stage.

This integrated approach emphasizes the importance of validation and verification, ensuring that testing is not a separate activity that occurs after the development phase, but rather a continual part of the process. This leads to higher quality outcomes because issues can be identified and rectified early on rather than at the end of the development cycle.

In contrast, the Agile model advocates for iterative development and testing but does not present a structured view like the V-model. The Waterfall model, while straightforward, typically handles testing as a distinct phase following development. The Spiral model incorporates some elements of testing but focuses more on risk assessment and iterative cycles rather than a direct relationship between development stages and testing processes. Thus, the V-model stands out for its clear framework that integrates testing throughout each phase of the software development lifecycle.