Which model classifies test types/test levels based on test objectives and can be divided into four quadrants?

The classification of test types and test levels based on test objectives into four quadrants is represented by Testing Quadrants. This model, proposed by Brian Marick, organizes testing activities into four distinct quadrants that highlight different aspects of testing.

The first quadrant focuses on technology-facing tests that support the team (such as unit tests). The second quadrant emphasizes business-facing tests that support the team, primarily involving functional testing to ensure that the software meets business requirements. The third quadrant consists of business-facing tests that critique the product, such as exploratory testing and user acceptance testing, while the fourth quadrant includes technology-facing tests that critique the product, such as performance testing and security tests.

This structured approach aids teams in understanding their testing efforts and ensuring that all areas of testing are sufficiently covered to meet different objectives. Such clarity is critical in agile environments where testing is iterative and can often overlap with development activities.

In contrast, other options like Test Matrix, Testing Patterns, and Test Phases do not specifically provide a quadrant-based classification system focused on test objectives. Test Matrix generally refers to the mapping of tests to requirements or features but lacks the quadrants' conceptual framework. Testing Patterns might refer to recurring solutions within testing practices, while Test Phases typically outline stages in the