Which process involves designing tests based on the experience and knowledge of the tester?

Experience-based testing is a process where the tester utilizes their knowledge, skills, and experiences to design tests. This approach allows testers to leverage their familiarity with the application domain, past testing experiences, and understanding of user behavior to create tests that might uncover defects that other structured testing methods may overlook.

In this type of testing, the tester draws upon their mental models, intuition, and creativity to identify scenarios that are important to validate. This process recognizes that knowledge gained from previous testing efforts can be a powerful tool in shaping effective test cases and scenarios, making it an efficient approach in environments where flexibility and context-specific insights are valuable.

The other processes mentioned involve different methodologies and do not focus primarily on the tester's personal experience and knowledge in the same way. For instance, exploratory testing emphasizes learning about the application during testing, while automated testing involves creating test scripts usually based on predefined requirements rather than the tester’s experience. Integration testing is a specific type of testing aimed at verifying the interactions between integrated components, which does not inherently leverage the experience-based design of tests.