Which term describes the procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, without reference to its internal structure?

The term that describes the procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, without reference to its internal structure, is known as a black-box test design technique.

In black-box testing, the focus is on the functionality of the software application without any knowledge of its internal workings or code structure. Testers design test cases based on requirements and specifications, ensuring that the software behaves as expected under various conditions. This approach allows for an evaluation of what the system does, rather than how it does it, making it particularly useful for validating user requirements and ensuring the application meets its intended goals.

For instance, if you were testing a login feature, you would create test cases based solely on the expected outcomes (like successful logins, incorrect passwords, etc.) derived from the specification, rather than delving into the underlying code that implements these features. This technique is essential in scenarios where the main goal is to verify user-facing functionalities.