Which testing method is based on an analysis of the internal structure of the component or system?

White-box testing is a method that involves an analysis of the internal structure, design, and implementation of a component or system. This approach provides insight into how the system operates internally, allowing testers to create test cases based on knowledge of the code and logic. It often requires a deep understanding of the programming languages and the algorithms used within the software, which enables the tester to identify how data flows through the code and how different components interact with each other.

This method is particularly effective for finding logical errors, verifying control flows, and ensuring that all possible paths have been tested. By examining the internal workings of the software, testers can evaluate areas such as loops, branches, and decisions, which contributes to creating a comprehensive set of test cases that target specific behaviors and potential weaknesses in the code.

In contrast, the other options—black-box testing, functional testing, and regression testing—focus on what the software does and its output rather than how it achieves those results. Black-box testing evaluates functionality without reference to internal code structure, functional testing verifies that the system meets specified requirements, and regression testing checks for defects introduced in unchanged parts of the software following modifications. These methods do not involve an internal structural analysis, which is why white-box testing is the most