Which type of testing involves using models to guide the testing process?

Model-based testing refers to a testing approach that utilizes abstract models to represent the desired behavior of a system. These models can detail requirements, user interactions, or system states, which serve as a foundation for generating test cases automatically or guiding the testing process. This methodology allows testers to focus on significant aspects of the application by abstracting complex details and concentrating on interactions that are critical to verification.

In model-based testing, the models are often constructed based on how the system is expected to behave, which helps in identifying both functional and non-functional aspects. This systematic approach ensures that the test coverage is comprehensive and allows for efficient identification of potential issues early in the software development lifecycle. It can also adapt to changes in requirements or specifications by updating the models rather than rewriting extensive test cases.

Other options like exploratory testing emphasize tester intuition and experience without formal models. Static testing involves analyzing code or documentation without executing the program, and dynamic testing involves running the software to validate its behavior but does not typically employ models to guide the process. Model-based testing integrates both strategy and automation to enhance the overall testing effectiveness, making it a distinct and potent method in agile testing environments.