Which type of testing involves using models to guide the testing process?

Model-based testing is a technique that utilizes models to represent the desired behavior of a system and guides the testing process based on those models. These models can be in various forms, such as flowcharts, state diagrams, or any formal representation that outlines the expected functionalities and interactions within the system being tested.

By using models, testers can generate test cases systematically, covering a wider range of scenarios and use cases compared to more traditional methods. This approach not only helps in identifying various aspects of the system that need to be tested but also simplifies the validation of complex interactions since testers can visually reference the model throughout the process.

In contrast, exploratory testing focuses on discovering defects through personal testing efforts without predefined test cases, static testing examines the code or documentation without executing it, and dynamic testing involves executing the code to verify the functionality of the system. None of these approaches utilize models in the same structured way that model-based testing does.