Which types of testing are based on an analysis of the specifications of the functionality?

Functional testing is indeed based on an analysis of the specifications of the functionality. This type of testing aims to verify that the software functions as intended, matching the specified requirements and business needs. By focusing on what the software is supposed to do, functional testing assesses the output of the application against the expected outputs defined in the specifications.

In this context, functional testing typically involves testing individual functions or features of the software, ensuring that they work correctly according to the requirements laid out during the development process. Test cases are designed around the specifications without consideration for the internal workings of the application, making it a specification-driven approach.

Integration testing, performance testing, and regression testing, while important, do not primarily focus on the analysis of specifications in the same way. Integration testing often assesses the interaction between integrated components or systems, performance testing evaluates how the system operates under various loads (not directly tied to specifications), and regression testing checks whether previously developed and tested features still work after changes, focusing more on maintaining existing functionality than verifying specified functionalities anew.