Which types of testing are based on an analysis of the specifications of the functionality?

Functional testing is focused on verifying that the software system operates in accordance with specified requirements or functionality. It involves assessing whether the application behaves as intended based on its specifications, which are defined during the requirements gathering phase. This type of testing evaluates the software's features and ensures that all functionalities work correctly, often through a series of predefined test cases that reflect the specifications.

In order to perform functional testing effectively, testers rely heavily on the specifications. This breakdown of how requirements translate into tested functionality is vital, as it helps identify discrepancies between what was planned and what is delivered. The aim is to ensure that all specified features are present and correctly implemented in the software.

While the other testing types have their merits, they do not primarily focus on testing against specifications in the same way. Integration testing checks the interactions between components, performance testing evaluates how the system performs under various conditions, and regression testing aims to ensure that new changes haven't adversely affected existing functionality.